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Effects of citric acid and lactic acid on growth performance, digestive and hepatic enzyme activities in farmed beluga sturgeon (Huso huso)
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Seyedeh Fatemeh Mirfalah   , Abbasali Zamini * , Habib Vahabzadeh Roudsari , Hossein Khara , Alireza Mobarhen Ferd |
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Abstract: (7 Views) |
| Citric acid and lactic acid are among the effective additives in aquaculture that play a key role in improving growth performance and fish health through increasing digestive enzyme activity, enhancing mineral absorption, and strengthening the immune system. This study was designed to investigate and compare the effects of these two organic acids on growth parameters, digestive and hepatic enzymes in farmed beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). For this purpose, 120 H. huso with an average initial weight of 250±15 g were reared in 4 treatments including control, citric acid, lactic acid, and a combination of citric acid and lactic acid, each with 3 replicates, for 12 weeks. The experimental treatments included a basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg citric acid, basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg lactic acid, and basal diet containing 1 g/kg citric acid + 1 g/kg lactic acid. The results of one-way ANOVA showed significant differences in growth parameters among experimental treatments (p<0.05). The lactic acid treatment exhibited the highest values for weight gain (303.71±94.58 g), daily growth (0.92±1.97%), condition factor (1.10±73.71 g cm⁻³), and specific growth rate (56.56±31.31%). In the evaluation of hepatic enzymes, the combined treatment showed the lowest levels of ALT (22.75±1.06 U/L) and AST (208.5±3.54 U/L), which were significantly different from other treatments. Furthermore, the highest digestive enzyme activities including amylase (180.16±43.78 U/L), lipase (527.53±53.21 U/L), and protease (77.21±2.93 U/L) were recorded in the lactic acid treatment (p<0.05). Overall, lactic acid and its combination with citric acid are effective supplements for improving growth, digestive enzymes, and liver health in beluga sturgeon |
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| Keywords: Citric acid and lactic acid, Huso huso, Growth parameters, Digestive and hepatic enzymes |
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2026/08/28 | Accepted: 2026/09/22 | Published: 2026/09/22
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